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 Понедельник, 9 Сентября 2013

Турецкая экономика сдает позиции

Анкара. АрмИнфо.
В последние месяцы ситуация в экономике Турции резко ухудшилась на фоне
разговоров о возможном сворачивании Федеральной резервной системой (ФРС)
программы количественного стимулирования, поддерживавшей в последние годы
быстрый рост развивающихся экономик, пишет The Wall Street Journal.


Кроме того, негативом
для турецкой экономики стал отток из страны иностранного капитала, жесткое
подавление правительством антиправительственных протестов и усиление
напряженности вокруг Сирии. В мае этого года международное рейтинговое
агентство Moody's повысило рейтинг Турции до "инвестиционного"
уровня, и премьер­министр страны Реджеп Тайип Эрдоган заявлял о том, что его
страна может в скором времени войти в десятку крупнейших мировых экономик.
Однако с середины мая фондовый рынок Турции потерял треть своей стоимости, курс
лиры упал до рекордного минимума, а доходность гособлигаций выросла вдвое - до
10%. Турецкий центробанк потратил более 15% своих резервов, пытаясь остановить
падение курса нацвалюты, однако не смог этого сделать на фоне оттока иностранного
капитала в объеме нескольких миллиардов долларов США из страны. Главный
экономист по рынкам Турции Burgan Bank Мерт Илдиз отмечает, что дни, когда
турецкие активы считались фаворитами на финансовых рынках, остались позади. По
словам эксперта, стране предстоит серьезный кризис или годы медленного
экономического роста, которые будут выглядеть скорее, как рецессия. ВВП Турции
увеличивался в среднем на 5% в год с 2002 года, когда к власти в стране пришла
Партия справедливости и развития, возглавляемая Р. Эрдоганом.


Однако в 2011 году
дефицит счета текущих операций страны вырос до рекордных $78,4 млрд, или 10%
ВВП. Опасения, что Турция не сможет погасить краткосрочный госдолг, привели к
падению курса лиры относительно доллара на 20%. 
Это в свою очередь, спровоцировало резкое ускорение инфляции и
замедление темпов экономического подъема: в 2012 году рост ВВП страны составил
лишь 2,2% против 8,8% в 2011 году.


В настоящее время
турецкие активы торгуются около рекордно низких уровней, а динамика лиры в этом
году является одной из наихудших среди валют emerging markets, наряду с
нацвалютами Индии, Бразилии и Индонезии. Снижение курса валюты усиливает
дисбалансы в экономике Турции, зависящей от импорта и иностранного капитала,
что, по мнению экспертов, ставит экономику страны под угрозу резкой коррекции.
"Если начнутся проблемы с ликвидностью на мировом рынке, или аппетит к
риску резко уменьшится, экономике страны предстоит резкая коррекция",



- полагают эксперты Международного валютного фонда. Morgan Stanley включил
Турцию в список пяти стран, наиболее уязвимых к потенциальному оттоку
иностранного капитала. Внешний долг Турции вырос более чем втрое с 2002 года -
до $350 млрд, причем более половины долга должно быть погашено или
рефинансировано в течение одного года. Руководство турецкого ЦБ пообещало
использовать валютные резервы страны для погашения долга, передает Интерфакс. 

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